I. Analysis of the Current Status of Parking Lot Lighting??

As a crucial component of urban infrastructure, the effectiveness of a parking lot's lighting system directly affects users' experience and safety. Traditional parking lot lighting methods, such as timed switch control and manual control, have obvious drawbacks. Timed switch control struggles to adapt to the dynamic changes in vehicle and pedestrian flow within the parking lot. During periods with low traffic, keeping the lights on continuously leads to significant energy waste. Manual control, on the other hand, relies heavily on property management personnel, not only consuming manpower but also prone to untimely or unreasonable lighting due to negligence. For example, insufficient lighting at night or in dimly lit areas can inconvenience car owners and increase safety hazards.??

Furthermore, the complex and diverse environment of parking lots—with inadequate lighting conditions and intricate structures—poses challenges to data collection based on visual and satellite positioning technologies. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need for an efficient, intelligent, and stable lighting control solution. The emergence of radar modules has brought new opportunities for the innovation of parking lot lighting systems.??

II. Explanation of the Working Principle of Radar Modules??

Radar technology, an electronic device that detects targets using electromagnetic waves, is widely applied in numerous fields. The radar modules used in parking lot automatic lighting systems are mostly based on microwave radar technology. Their core working mechanism relies on the Doppler effect: the planar antenna of the radar module continuously emits high-frequency electromagnetic waves. When a moving object, such as a vehicle or pedestrian, enters the coverage area of these waves, the frequency of the reflected waves changes due to the object's motion, creating a Doppler frequency shift. By accurately detecting this frequency change, the radar module can sensitively perceive the presence, movement direction, and speed of target objects.??

Take the common 24GHz radar module as an example: its transmitting antenna radiates electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency, while the receiving antenna captures the reflected electromagnetic wave signals. The internal signal processing circuit of the module carefully analyzes the received reflected signals. Once a frequency shift exceeding a preset threshold is detected, it determines that an object has entered the sensing area and quickly outputs a corresponding electrical signal. This signal is then transmitted to the lighting control system to trigger the activation or adjustment of lighting equipment.??

III. Application Modes of Radar Modules in Parking Lot Automatic Lighting Systems

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(1) Parking Space Lighting Control??

Installing radar modules at appropriate positions above parking spaces enables precise monitoring of whether vehicles enter or exit the spaces. When a vehicle approaches a parking space, the radar module quickly captures the vehicle's movement signal and immediately sends an instruction to the lighting control system to turn on the lights above the space, providing sufficient illumination for the driver to park. After the vehicle is parked, if micro-movement signals from people getting on or off the vehicle are detected, the lights remain on. The lights automatically turn off only after the people have left and the vehicle has departed the space for a period, and no moving targets are detected by the radar module. This precise parking space lighting control ensures good visibility for drivers during parking while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption.??

(2) Passageway Lighting Control??

The lighting requirements for parking lot passageways differ from those for parking spaces and need to consider vehicle travel routes and speeds. Radar modules are installed at intervals above the passageways. When a vehicle enters the passageway, the radar module at the entrance first detects the vehicle, triggering the gradual activation of lighting fixtures within a certain range of the passageway. As the vehicle moves forward, the lights ahead turn on sequentially, while the lights behind dim or turn off automatically after the vehicle has traveled a certain distance. This not only ensures sufficient lighting for vehicle travel but also achieves rational energy use through intelligent dimming, creating a smart experience of "lights following the vehicle."??

(3) Overall Regional Lighting Regulation??

Using radar module networking technology, the radar modules in various areas of the parking lot can be connected into an organic whole to achieve unified management and intelligent regulation of the entire parking lot lighting system. The central control system collects data fed back by each radar module, including information on the distribution of vehicles and pedestrians in different areas and their movement speeds. Based on this data, the system can dynamically adjust the lighting brightness and duration of different areas. During peak hours with heavy vehicle traffic, the lighting brightness is increased to ensure safety; during off-peak hours, the overall lighting brightness is reduced, maintaining only necessary basic illumination, thus maximizing energy savings while meeting usage requirements.??

IV. Significant Advantages of Applying Radar Modules to Parking Lot Automatic Lighting Systems?

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(1) Remarkable Energy-Saving Benefits??

Compared with traditional lighting systems, the automatic lighting control achieved by radar modules can accurately turn lighting equipment on and off according to actual needs, significantly reducing ineffective lighting time. According to relevant statistics, parking lots using radar-sensor lighting can reduce energy consumption by 50%-80% compared with traditional timed or manual control lighting. This not only saves substantial electricity costs for parking lot operators but also is of great significance for alleviating energy shortages and practicing the concept of green environmental protection in the long run.??

(2) High Reliability and Stability??

Radar modules are hardly affected by environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity, enabling them to operate stably in the complex and changeable environment of parking lots. Unlike visual sensors that rely on light detection or infrared sensors that are greatly affected by temperature, radar modules, by virtue of the characteristics of electromagnetic waves, can accurately detect target objects even in harsh conditions such as dim light, heavy fog, high heat, or severe cold, ensuring the normal operation of the lighting system and providing continuous and reliable lighting for parking lots.??

(3) Enhanced User Experience??

The automatic lighting function brings great convenience to car owners. At night or in poor lighting conditions, car owners do not need to manually search for lighting switches—the lights automatically turn on when the vehicle enters the parking lot or approaches a parking space, creating a bright and safe parking environment. When leaving, the lights turn off automatically, eliminating the worry of forgetting to turn them off. This contactless smart lighting experience enhances the overall service quality of the parking lot and increases users' satisfaction and favorability toward it.??

(4) Precise Sensing Performance??

Radar modules can accurately distinguish between the movement of vehicles and pedestrians and can adjust the sensitivity to targets within different distance ranges. By reasonably setting the sensing distance and angle, they can effectively avoid false triggers caused by surrounding environmental interference, ensuring that the lighting system is activated only when there is an actual need, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of lighting control.??

(5) Easy System Integration and Expansion??

Radar modules are compact and easy to install, allowing seamless integration with existing lighting control systems. They can be easily implemented in both the lighting system design of new parking lots and the upgrade and transformation of lighting systems in old parking lots. At the same time, with the continuous growth of intelligent requirements for parking lots, the lighting system based on radar modules also has good scalability, enabling easy linkage with other intelligent devices such as parking space guidance systems and security monitoring systems to build a more complete intelligent parking lot management system.