With the rapid development of science and technology, wireless communication technology continues to innovate, among which Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology shows great application potential in many fields with its characteristics of high precision, high speed and low power consumption. Especially in the field of smart luggage, the introduction of UWB technology greatly improves the intelligent level of luggage, realizes accurate positioning and real-time following, and brings users an unprecedented convenient experience. This paper will discuss the UWB communication chip, positioning and ranging technology, and the working principle and application advantages of UWB protocol module in UWB luggage.

I. Overview of UWB technology

1.1UWB Technical Principles

UWB technology is a carrier-less communication technology that transmits information by sending and receiving short pulses in the nanosecond to microsecond order. These pulse signals occupy a wide bandwidth in the frequency domain (usually greater than 500MHz), hence the name "ultra-wideband". Compared with traditional radio communication technology, UWB technology has higher temporal resolution and spatial resolution, and can achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy and data transmission rates of up to hundreds of Mbps.

1.2 Advantages of UWB technology

High precision positioning: The Time resolution of the UWB signal is high, and the Time of Arrival (TOA) of the signal can be accurately measured, thus achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy.

High-speed data transmission: Supports high-speed data transmission and is suitable for application scenarios that require rapid exchange of large amounts of data.

Low power consumption: UWB devices consume low power when sending pulses and support multiple operating modes, such as deep sleep, sleep, receive, and transmit, further reducing overall power consumption.

Strong anti-interference ability: the spectrum of UWB signal is wide, and the spectrum overlap with other wireless communication technologies is less, so it has strong anti-interference ability.

Second, UWB follows the core technology of luggage

2.1 Ultra-wideband communication chip

The core of the UWB luggage is its built-in ultra-wideband communication chip. These chips are responsible for sending and receiving UWB signals to enable wireless communication with positioning base stations or other UWB devices. Modern UWB communication chips are usually manufactured by advanced CMOS technology, which integrates many functions such as signal generation, modulation, demodulation and amplification, and has the advantages of small size, low power consumption and stable performance.

2.2 Positioning and ranging technology

UWB follows the suitcase to communicate with the positioning base station through the built-in UWB communication chip, and uses the high Time resolution characteristics of UWB signal to measure the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) of the signal or the signal propagation time under the multipath effect. To calculate the distance between the suitcase and the base station. Combining the measurement results of multiple base stations and using the algorithm of triangulation or small square method, the luggage can be accurately positioned in three dimensions.

2.3UWB Modules

The UWB protocol module is the key component in the UWB tracking suitcase, which is responsible for the communication protocol conversion and data processing between the UWB communication chip and the upper application. The UWB protocol module supports a variety of communication standards and protocols, such as IEEE802.15.4-2020/802.15.4z-2020 and FiRa standards, ensuring interoperability and compatibility between devices. In addition, the UWB protocol module also has powerful data processing capabilities, which can process a large amount of positioning data in real time, improve positioning accuracy and response speed.

Third, UWB follows the working principle of the suitcase

The working principle of UWB luggage mainly includes the following steps:

Initialization and configuration: The user performs initial configuration of the UWB luggage via mobile APP or remote control and other devices, including setting the location of the base station and connecting to the Wi-Fi or Bluetooth network.

Signal sending and receiving: UWB periodically sends UWB signals to the surrounding area following the UWB communication chip in the luggage. At the same time, the positioning base station or other UWB devices will also send a signal to respond.

Positioning and ranging: After the UWB communication chip receives the response signal of the positioning base station or other UWB devices, the distance between the base station and the base station is calculated using the algorithm such as the signal propagation time difference under the TDOA or multipath effect.

Data processing and positioning: The UWB protocol module processes the received positioning data, combines the measurement results of multiple base stations, and calculates the accurate position of the suitcase using the algorithm such as triangulation or small square method.

Real-time following and control: Based on the calculated position information, the UWB's built-in control system adjusts the direction and speed of movement in real time to ensure that a certain distance and Angle are always maintained with the user. At the same time, users can also remotely control the suitcase through mobile APP or remote control and other devices.

4. UWB follows the application advantages of luggage

4.1 Improve the convenience of travel

UWB luggage can follow the user in real time, without the user's manual dragging or handling, greatly reducing the travel burden. In crowded places such as airports and train stations, users only need to carry a lightweight handbag or backpack to travel easily.

4.2 Improve security and anti-loss

With the accurate positioning and real-time following function achieved by UWB technology, UWB follow luggage can effectively prevent luggage loss or theft. Even in crowded places, users can keep track of the location of their luggage at all times to ensure the safety of their luggage.

4.3 Intelligent obstacle avoidance and navigation

The UWB tracking suitcase not only has positioning and following functions, but also enables intelligent obstacle avoidance and autonomous navigation by integrating other sensors such as lidar, ultrasonic sensors or cameras. These sensors can sense the surrounding environment in real time, including pedestrians, obstacles, and uneven ground, and through algorithms to process this information, the suitcase can automatically adjust the path of travel, avoid collisions, and ensure safe following.

4.4 Personalized Settings and scalability

Modern UWB tracking luggage often supports personalized Settings, and users can adjust parameters such as tracking distance, speed, and sensitivity according to their needs. At the same time, with the continuous progress of technology, the suitcase can also be enhanced by software updates or expansion modules, such as integrated intelligent charging function, equipped with wireless charging board at the bottom of the suitcase, charging for the user's mobile devices; Or add a health management module to provide health advice by monitoring the user's steps, heart rate and other data.

4.5 Environmental protection and energy saving

The high efficiency communication and low power consumption characteristics of UWB technology make UWB luggage excellent in terms of energy saving. Compared with traditional wireless communication technology, UWB requires less energy to transmit data, which helps reduce energy consumption and meets the requirements of modern society for environmental protection and sustainable development. In addition, some UWB luggage also uses green energy technologies such as solar charging panels to further enhance the environmental performance of the product.

Fifth, UWB follows the market prospects and challenges of luggage

5.1 Market Prospects

With the improvement of people's living standards and the vigorous development of tourism, the smart luggage market is ushering in a period of rapid growth. As a leader in intelligent luggage, UWB follow luggage is expected to become a mainstream product in the market in the next few years with its unique advantages of high-precision positioning, real-time following, intelligent obstacle avoidance and so on. Especially in business travel, long-distance travel, family travel and other scenarios, UWB luggage will bring users a more convenient, safe and comfortable travel experience.

5.2 Challenges

Despite the many advantages of UWB following luggage, its marketing still faces some challenges. First of all, the popularity of UWB technology is relatively low, and consumers' awareness and acceptance of this technology need to be improved. Secondly, the manufacturing cost of UWB luggage is relatively high, resulting in high product prices, which may limit the purchase willingness of some consumers. In addition, with the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, multiple smart suitcase solutions have emerged in the market, and UWB follows the need for luggage to constantly innovate and optimize in order to remain competitive in the market.

Vi. Conclusion

As an innovative product in the field of intelligent luggage, UWB luggage is gradually changing the way people travel by virtue of its unique advantages such as high-precision positioning, real-time following and intelligent obstacle avoidance. With the continuous advancement of technology and the increasing maturity of the market, UWB luggage is expected to become an important part of smart travel in the future. However, in the face of fierce market competition and changing consumer demands, manufacturers of UWB luggage need to constantly innovate and optimize products and improve user experience to win a broader market space. At the same time, the government, industry associations and scientific research institutions should also strengthen cooperation and exchanges, jointly promote the popularization and application of UWB technology, and inject new vitality into the development of intelligent travel field